Coking retort oven



April 22, 1930.- J. BECKER I COKING RETORT OVEN Filed May 16 1921 s Sheets-Sheet 1 LI ZORQMM V .i. v A C Eliwli r A rii 22, 1930. J. BECKER 1,755,382

COK'ING RETORTV-OVEN Filed May 5' 1921 :s slhee t-sneet 2 SECTION c.

ApriEZZ, 193w, JZBECKER I 11,755,382

COKING RETORT OVEN v Filed May 16, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 SECTION Patented Apr. 22, 1930 I UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE JOSEPH BECKER, OF PITTSB URGH, IENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB TO THE KOPPERS COM- PANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

conrne nn'ron'r OVEN Application filed May 16, 1921. Serial No. 470,198.

' This invention comprehends improvements of'especial utility in the coking retort.

oven art. The invention has for ob ects to provide the Well-known Koppers cross-wise reversal principle in a cross-regenerative coking retort oven having horizontal flame flues in the heating walls, the application of the aforesaid reversal principle being prefer: ablycombined with reversal of combustion in the horizontal heating fines. The invention further provides for the optional utilization of the gas oven principle, in such a crossregenerative oven, whereby the heat for coking the charges-of coal in the retorts or coking chambers may-be developed from the combustion of an extraneously derived special generator gas, such as producer gas, with conservation of the entire product of the relatively richer coke oven gas derived from the coal carbonization process carried on in the retort chambers. i

In addition to the general objects recited above, the invention has for further objects such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as maybe found to obtain 'in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification and showing, for purposes of exemplification, preferred forms and manners in which the inventionv may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or instances through a heating wall and a regenerator, in planes indicated by the line A-A of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2. 1s a,composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinally of the coke oven battery, in planes indicated by the lines B-B,CC, and D'D of Fig. 1; and

' Fig. 3 is a similar composite vertical sectional elevation, but illustrating a modified form of construction of the regenerator sys-.'

tern.

The .same characters of reference desig mate the same parts in eachof'the several views of the drawings. i

In the embodiment illustrated in the draw; ings, the invention is incorporated in a com- 'bination coke oven battery, i. e.,a battery having provision for being operated either with an extraneously derived special generator gas, such as producer gas, or with the coke oven gas derived from the distillation of the coal in the coking chambers or retorts of the battery. For convenience, the present de-v scription will be confined to the present illustrated embodiment of the invention in such a combination coke-oven battery; the novel features and improvements of the invention are capable of other applications, such, for example, as 1n ordinary so-called gas ovens I employing producer gas as the fuel, or in ordinary so-c'alled coke ovens employing coke oven'gas as the fuel; hence, the scope of the invention is not confined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein de sc ribed-as an illustrative example.

Referring to the drawings, there are il- .l ustrated viewsof a coke oven'battery or plant ofthe by-product type, having features above specified; said oven battery embodies in its construction a plurality of crosswise.

elongated heating walls 11, 11, and a plurality of intermediate;crosswise elongated vertical coking chambers 12,12. The heating Walls 11 form the side walls of the respective coking chambers 12, shown more particularly in F 1g. 2, and together with the coking chambers are supported by the heavy sup porting walls 13, 13, which extend crosswise of the battery and are located, as shown in Fig. 2, below the coking chambers and heating walls. The supporting walls .13 collectively form the main support for the entire superstructure of the oven battery and are themselves supported upon a flat mat or platform which constitutes the sub-foundation on which the entire battery-rests. a

The coal to be coked' is charged into the sev-.

eral coking chambers or ovens through charging holes 14 located in the top 15 of the oven products to the by-product recovery apparatus.

Heat for coking the charges of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12 is derived from the heating walls 11, which, as above men-' tioned,-extend cross-wise of the battery at the sides of the coking. chambers. As shown, each heatin wall 11 is constituted of a plurality of indivi ual horizontal flame or combustion fines 17 which extend parallel with the longitudinal axis of the heating wall. All of the flame flues of the heating Wall, in accordance with the present embodimentof the .invention, operate concurrently as burning flues and combustion is maintained concurrently in the flues of all of the heating walls of the battery.

The cross-wise regenerators 18 of the retort oven or battery are located below theaforesaid heating walls 11 and coking chambers 12, and in the present instance extend in parallelism between the supporting walls 13. Located in the middle lengthwise vertical plane of the coke oven .battery,'is a vertical partition 19, as shown in Fig. 1, which partition extends all the way up from the mat of the battery to thebottom of the overlying structure and from one to the other of the pillar walls 13. The regenerators, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery extend inwardly to said partition 19 and areseparated-thereby as clearly shown in Fig. 1. This arrangement permits control from opposite sides of the battery of the flow through the regenerators. Each regenerator 18' is a chamber containing open brickwork,

, commonly called checker-work, and indicated at 20 with a distributing. sole channel 18 underneath such checkerwork, the channels forming the soles of such chambers and opening up into thecheckerwork.

The regenerators are heated, in alternation, by'the hot combustion products that draw of]? from the flame or combustion fiues hereinbefore mentioned and then impart such heat to the medium that they feed to these flame lines; in the present instance, the series of regenerators 18 on each side of the centralpartition 19 are disposed, taken seriatim longitudinally of the battery, in groups and H, each said group comprising two regenerators'and, asshown' in Fig. 2, flow is maintained concurrently in the same direcigzeaesa tion in all. the .regenerators of the several groups 011 one side of the central partition 19, while flow is maintained concurrently in the opposite direction in the several groups of regenerators on the other side of the aforesaid central partition. That is to say, the several groups of regenerators on one side of the partition 19 operate concurrently as inflow regenerators, while the several groups of regenerato rs on the other side of said partition are operating concurrently "as outflow regenerators, this being a common practice, as set forth in the well-known Kopp'ers crossregenerative Patent No. 818,033 dated April 17 1906. On reversal of the battery, by means of any preferred type of reversing mechanism, the several groups of regenerators which heretofore operated as outflowregen- 'erators become inflow regenerators and con' currently the several groups of regener'ators that heretofore operated as inflow regenerators become. outflow regenerators.

Located at the opposite ends-of each heating wall are vertical feed channels 21 and22, the said channels preferably having inner vertical walls 23 andouter walls24 which incline upwardly toward the aforesaid vertical walls 23, as shown in Fig. 1. There is alpair of such channels- 21 and 22 at each. end of each heating wall, the channels 21 on one-:side of the aforesaid partition 19 being respective-. ly connected with the ends of theseveral flues '17 by means of ports 25, and thechannels 22 on the opposite side of the partition 19 being connected with the opposite ends of their cor responding flues by means of ports-26. Thisv arrangement provides ports connecting re spectively theopposite ends of each series of flues with pairs of channels corresponding 50 and positioned at the opposite ends of such ues.

When burning an extraneously derived fuel gas, such as producer gas in. the flues 1 7 each inflow group .of regenerators is cbmposed of a gas regenerator P for heating the fuel gas and an'air regenerator A for heating the air which enters the flues to'support combustion of the gas. All of the outflow groups Y of regenerators operate concurrently as waste .gas i'egenerators and are designated by the reference. character'W. As shown in Fig.2 the gas regenerators P are disposed adjacent to each other and the air regen'erators A are likewise disposed, there being pairs of air. regenerators which alternatewith pairs of gas regenerators. The gas regenerators P of each group, whether operating for inflow or for outflow, are respectively communicably connected by ports 27 with feed channels of the'pairs 21 or 22; the air regenerators A,

whether operating for inflow or for outflow, are respectively communicably connected, by

'means of ports 28, with the other feed channels of the pairs 21 or 22. I With this construction, the flame flues of each heating wall ice - on the other side of the battery with waste gas regenerators,1the latter becoming,on reversal, gas and air regenerators and the former becoming waste gas regenerators.

The reversal in operation of the flame flues 17 involves areversal in direction of flow of the gases through said flues, and a change of the points of supply from one end of each series of flues to the other, with the result that all of the flues of the entire battery may operate concurrently as burning fines, notwithstanding reversal in flow through the regenerators. The function of such regenerators is as follows :'the regenerators that prior to the reversal operated as inflow regenerators become outflow regenerators, and the outflow operating regenerators become inflow operating regenerators; the supply of gas from one side of the batteryfto all the fines is turned off; and the supply of gas from the other side of the battery to all the flues is turned on. Extending from the opposite side walls of the battery and leading into the feed channels .21 and 22 are gas supply ducts 29 and 30.

These gas supply ducts 29 and register with the ports 25 and 26 at the opposite ends of the flame flues and are for the purpose of .optionally supplying'coke oven gas to the several flame flues of'each heating wall.

' supply of coke oven gas to the respective ducts 29 and 30 is derived from coke oven gas mains of the usual type that are respectively located on the opposite sides ofthe battery. Suitable means is provided for admitting or cutting olf the supply. of gas with respect. to

the channels 29 and 30, it being understood that the gas supply, when the oven is operating' with coke oven-gas, is turned on concurrently either to the series of ducts 29, or

' the series of ducts 30.

For operating thebatt-ery alternatively for the use of a special generator gas,.such as producer gas as a fuel, the several inflow. op erating regenerators P may be optionally connected with a producer gas main, so that the producer gas may be directed into such of the regenerators as are operating for inflow and conveyed through these regenerators into the burning flame flues17. The operation of the retort oven or battery when usinga special generator gas,' such as ordinary producer gas, as a fuel, is as follows: the supply of coke oven gas to the coke oven gas main, and toall of the coke oven gas channels 29 and 30 is cut off. A supply of producer gas is permitted to flow "into the inflow operating gas regenerators P, and passing through said regenerators is preheated before being del vered into the burning flame flues. During the I inflow of producer gas through such regener- .ators P, waste gas from the other end of the flues is flowing out through all of the regeneratorsW, on the other side of the parti- The tion 19. In the regenerators A inflow of air is maintained and, passing upwardly through said regenerators is preheated and finally enters the burning flame fines to support the combustion of the producer gas thatis delivered thereto by the regenerators P. On reversal of the flow, the inflow gas and air regenerators become outflow regenerators, and concurrently the outflow operating waste gas regenerators become inflow gas and air re-' generators.

Inbpe'ratmg the batterywith coke oven gas, the supply of producer gas to the regenerators P is shut off and air is permitted to flow i into such regenerators in place of the pro ducer gas. During coke oven gas operation a supply of coke oven gas is maintained in the channels 29 or 30 which feed that end of the burning flues that are in connection with the air regenerators. -The reversing mechanism is operated on eachreversal to place all of the inflow operating regenerators in com: munication wlth the outer an.

operation, some of the regenerators, such as the regenerators P may be employed for con-' anunicably connected with flow-rhannels-Ql or 22 of two adjacent heating walls by means of ducts 33, whereby the opposite ends of each heating wall are communicably connected by Alternatively, during such coke oven gasducts respectively withtwo adjacent regenerators of both series of oppositesides of the vcentral partition 19. In operating with producer gas as the fuel the gas regeneratorsP' alternate with the air'regenerators A, and each heating wall is supplied with heat and air from .its inflow operating side. lVhen using coke oven gas as the fuel all of the inflow operating regenerators-feed air to the several channels with which theyare connected. The construction of the heating walls and the reversal in operation of the battery is effected in the same manner as that hereinbefore described.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction'but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim: 1 1'. In a cooking tion: a. plurality of parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers;-heating walls conretort oven, in combinasides of the battery respectively, one-series operating for inflow while the other series operates for outfiow,the regenerators of each series being grouped in pairs with one inflow operating regenerator of each pair for supplying gas and the other for supplying air; and the pairs of said two series of regenerators having communications with the oppo- 0 site ends of the horizontal combustion fiues,

respectively, of said heating walls, each of said communications consisting 0'5 a substantially straight duct; substantially as specified.

2. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion fiues; and reversible crosswise extending regenerators parallel with the coking chambers and the- "heating walls, said regenerators being communicably' connected in pairs by communications with the opposite ends of-the combustion fiues, respectively, of a single heating wall, each of said communications consisting of a substantially straight duct, the respective regenerators of each pair being operable during the inflow period to convey to said flues air andan extraneously derived gas, such as producer gas; substantially as specified.

3. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of parallelhorizontally elongated coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers' and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion flues; and reversible crosswise extending regenerators parallel with the coking chambers and the heating walls, saidregenerators being co1nmunicablyconnecte'd in pairs by communications with the opposite ends of the combustion Flues, respectively, of a single heating wall, each of said communications consisting of a substantially straight duct; substantially as specified. 4

4 In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to 'said coking chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion flues; combined with inflow and outflow'crosswise regenerators grouped in pairs along opposite sides of the coking retort oven, the regenerators of the inflow pairs being respectively communicably connected with one end of the ing respectively communicably connected with the opposite end of the combustion flues' of a single heating wall; and means for supplying, .at will, to sa d fiues an alternative fuel gas, such as coke oven gas; substantially as specified.

5. In a coking retort oven, in combination a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constitutedof horizontal combustion fiues; combined with a plurality of groups of inflow and a plurality of groups of outflow regenerators grouped in pairs which are individual to the respective heating walls and are communicably connected with the opposite ends of theflues, respectively, of the heating walls, the regenerators ofthe inflow pairs being ointly operable for conveying. air to the fiues or separately operable for conveying to said flues air or an extraneously derived gas; and means for supplying, at will, to said fiues an alternative fuel gas, such as coke oven gas; substantially as specified.

. r 6. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality-of parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion fiues combined with inflow and outflow crosswise regenerators grouped'in pairs which .are individual to the respective heating walls and are communicably connected with the opposite ends of the fiues, respectively, of the heating walls, the regenerators of theinflow pairs being separately operable for conveying to the said fiues air and an extraneously derived gas, such as producer gas; substantially as specified.

In a coking retort oven, in combination a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion fiues; combined with a plurality of groups of inflow and a plurality of groups of, outflow regenerators grouped in pairs which are individual to the respective heating walls and are communicably connected with the opposite ends of the fiues, respectively, of the heating walls, the regenerators of the inflow pairs being separately operable for conveying to the said fiues air and an extraneously derived gas, such as producer gas; substantially as specified. Y

8. .In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively. constituted of horizontal combustion flues; combined with a plurality of groups of inflow and a plurality of groups of outflow regenerators grouped in pairs which are individual to the respective heating walls and are communicably connected with the opposite ends of the fiues, respectively, of'the heating walls; substantially as specified.

9. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers ;'heating walls contiguous to saidcoking'chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustionsflues; combined with a regenerative system embodying fuel gas and air regenerators stantially' as specified.

communicably connected with one end of the flues of the heating walls, and waste gas regenerators communicably connected with the-other end ofthe flues of said'heating walls, the regenerators-being individual to the respective heating walls; substantially as specified.

10. A coke oven provided with a. series of parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to said cokingchambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion flues through. which the direction of combustion, in the'flues of each of said heating walls, may be in parallel bers', heating walls contiguous to said coking. chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion flues through which the direction of combustion may be periodically reversed, fuel gas and air regenerators arrangedbelow and communlcating with one end of the flues of said heating walls, and

Car

'stantially as specified.

waste gas regenerators arrangedbelow and communicating with the opposite end of the fines of said heating walls, all of the regenerators extending crosswiseofthe battery; sub- 12. A coke oven provided with a series of parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers, heating walls contiguousto said coking chambers and respectively constituted of horizontal combustion flues through which the direction of combustion may be periodically reversed, means for supplying heating gases to opposite ends of said combustion flues so that the direction of flow in each flue in each of said heating walls may be maintained simultaneously in the same direction and in parallel with all of the other combustion flues in the same heating wall therewith,

and crosswise regenerators arranged below and communicating with the opposite ends ,o-tL the flues, respectively, of said heating walls, substantially ,as specified.

13. In a coking retort oven battery, in combination: a series of alternate parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor; each of. said heating walls comprising a set 0*. superimposed horizontal combustion flues adapted to operate for combust on. of gas in parallel simultaneously in the same I direction and through which'the direction of combustion may bev periodically reversed; and crosswise extending regenerators below the coking chambers and heating walls and arranged in two series of groups operable in alternation with each other for inflowand outflow and with at least a pair of regeneratorsin each of said groups; each said set of combustion flues being 'communicably connected at one end thereof with a pair of regenerators of one of the groups of one of said tWo series thereof and being also communicably connected at the opposite end thereof With' a pair of regenerators of one of the g f'oups of the'other of said two series there- 0 D Y 14. In a coking retort oven battery, in combination: a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating wallstherefor, each perimposed horizontal combustion, flues adapted to operate for combustion-of gas in parallel simultaneously in the same direction and through which the direction of coinbu'stion may be periodically reversed; crosswise regenerators below and parallel with the coking chambers 'and heating walls; said regeneratorsbeing disposed in two series located on opposite sides of the battery respectively and being communicably connected in groups withthe opposite ends of the combustion flues respectively; and each of said groups of regenerators comprising, when operable for inflow, an air regenerator anda t is ,80 of said heating walls comprising a set of suv posed in two setsoperable in alternation with each other for inflow and outflow and that are communicably connected in groups with the opposite ends of the combustion flues respectively; the regenerators of each of said groups, when operable for inflow being jointly operable for conveying air or separately operable for conveying air and gas simultaneously to the flues; and means for conveying, at will, to the opposite ends of said flues an alternative unpreheated fuel gas during joint operation of the regenerators of the respective groups thereof for inflow of air thereto.

16. In a coking retortoven battery, in combination: a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor each coking chambersand heating walls and communicably connected to said flues in groups of at least two regenerators each for simultaneous inflow or outflow, the regenerators of each of said groups of regenerators, when operable for inflow, being jointly operable.

for conveylng air to said fiues or separately operable for conveying to said flues airand fuel gas simultaneously; and means forconveying to said flues, at will an alternatiye unpreheated fuel gas-during joint operation of a j the regenerators of the respective groups thereof for conveying an to said flues.

17. A coking retortoven battery comp Ids ing: a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side; each of said heating walls comprising a set of substantially parallel super mposed horizontal combustion fiues combined with crosswise regenerators beneath and parallel with the coking chamhers and heating walls and disposed in two longitudinal series thereof that are located on opposite-sides of the battery respectively,

' and that are respectively communicably conn ected to said combustion flues in groups that are respectively of at least two regenerators each for simultaneous parallel flow and that are respectively adapted to convey to said fluesair and a preheated combustible gas and to remove wastes therefrom in alternation.

18. A coking retort oven battery comprising a series of alternate horizontal coking cham- I here and heating walls therefor arranged sideby-side each of said heating. walls comprising a set of substantially parallel superimposed horizontal combustion flues combined with crosswise regenerators beneath and parallel with the coking chambers and heating rately operable for conveying to said flues .air and fuel gas simultaneously; and means walls and disposed in two longitudinal series thereof that are located on opposite sides of the battery respectively, and that are respective'ly communicably connected tosaid combustion fiues'in groups of at least two regenerators each that "are arranged for s1multa-' a neous inflow or outflow and that are adapted to be jointly operable,when operable for inflow, for conveying air to said fiues or sepa for conveying to said flues, at will, an alternative unpreheated fuel gas during joint up oration of the regenerators of the respegtion'f;

.JosEPn Enema. 

